• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the design of cathode devices for an aluminum electrolysis cell. The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the cathode device. At the bottom of the steel bath I there is insulated 2, a foundation sample, and lateral insulation 3. On it is located the bottom - part 5 of the carbon lining with embedded iron or poured into it. Ich :) s
    公开号:SU1308201A3
    申请号:SU833612253
    申请日:1983-07-04
    公开日:1987-04-30
    发明作者:Цоллингер Макс；Йэмец Раул
    申请人:Швейцарише Алюминиум Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ny blocks 6 that serve as the cathode. On the bottom 5 of the carbon lining there is a layer of material 7 with low shear strength. The thickness of this layer is 8 cm. A layer of carbon felt is hidden between layers 7 and 5. On the layer 7 with a slight shear strength, the upper part 8 of the carbon lining is glued. The uppermost zone is formed by stone blocks 9. This ensures the insulation of the bead.
    The invention relates to the metallurgy of aluminum and is aimed at improving the design of the cathode device of an aluminum electrolysis cell, I.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the cathode device.
    Fig, 1 shows a schematic vertical section of the wall of the cell, side view; Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the side region of the cell for the electrolysis of a melt to produce aluminum; Fig. 3 shows a partial vertical section in the region of the layer with a slight shear strength after the first cracking; FIG. 4 is a cutout of FIG. 3 after cracking; FIG. Fig. 5 is a cut-out of Figs. 3 and 4 after a through crack has been formed in the layer with little shear strength. The cell for the electrolysis of the melt to produce aluminum contains an outer steel bath 1, the latter is insulated with the lower insulation 2 and the lateral insulation with 1 bar 3. At the bottom 4 of the bath, 1 there is the lower insulation 2 forming the foundation, and the bottom 5 of the carbon lining is located on it with embedded iron ingots 6 serving as cathode or embedded in it. In the horizontally bounded marginal zone of the lower part 5 of the carbon lining there is a layer 7 with a slight shear strength, the thickness of which is approximately 8 cm. Between the layer 7 and the lower part 5 carbon fuvanna from exposure to oxygen. Inside the steel wa: us 1 are placed the crunchy elements 10. They resist the expansion of the lower part 5 of the carbon lining. Between the side insulation 3 and the upper part 8 of the carbon lining there is a layer 11, which conducts heat well. The service life of the cathode device of an aluminum electrolysis cell is increased due to the increased strength of the combined lining. 7 h, para. f-ly, 5 silt
    There is an invisible carbon felt pad, which is glued to the bottom 7 of the carbon lining.
    On the layer 7 with an insignificant shear strength, the upper part 8 of the carbon lining is glued, which laterally extends beyond the borders of the lower part. Stone blocks 9 form the uppermost zone. This ensures the insulation of the bath bead from exposure to oxygen.
    Inside the steel vaine I, at the level of the upper bottom area of the carbon lining, preloaded crunching elements 10 are placed, resting on the “stiffness of the steel bath 1,
    Crunchy elements 10 render
    the expanding bottom 5 of the carbon lining is constant path-independent resistance.
    Between the lateral insulation 3 and the upper part 8 of the carbon lining there is a very well conductive thermal layer, made in the form of a receiving zone 11, The latter passes in a vertical direction, looking down beyond the boundaries of layer 7 with a slight strength
    shear and spreads
    partially along the bottom of the 5th carbon lining.
    In FIG. 2, the side part of the steel bath 1 is replaced by an elastic wall 35 12. For this, for example, fabrics made of carbon fibers can be used, combined in layers in the form of a sandwich structure with metal films. Placed outside the elastic wall 12, the clamped crunching elements 10 consist (as shown in Fig. 1) of packages of vertically arranged plastically deformable pipes. The stationary support 13 supports the crunching elements 10, preventing their outward movement. Between the elastic wall 12 and the side insulation 3 there can be a sliding layer,
    ten
    in CO and CO. Electrolysis carried out
    with at temperatures of about 940-970 C.
    FIG. 3 shows block 7 of foamed carbon fibers having
    , "G time of operation, the amount of carbon low insignificant
    the parent lining is significantly overbalanced, which is superimposed on carbon lining, f f-v is molded. This is an increase in volume.
    Felt 14. Due to various expansion, g,.
     “. 15 is due to the penetration of the component bottom 5 and the top 8 parts of the carbon lining layer 7 with little shear strength, succumbed to the first cracking. Liquid electrolyte 15 got into the cracks, which partially hardened.
    According fig, 3 layer 7 with a slight shear strength of the rasters of the electrolyte. By such components are meant, for example, the sodium or salts from which the fluoride melt is composed, as well as the chemical 20 compounds obtained by known reactions from a fluoride melt.
    In addition, two significant influencing factors are known in particular. In addition, two significant influencing factors are known in particular once, and according to FIG. 4, which are controlled during the ex-many times. After repeated growth, the cathode carbon swells.
    Applied current density: than
    the carbon felt 14 was partially dissolved, and the solidifying electrolyte was moved forward outward.
    In FIG. 5, the entire solidifying electrolyte has penetrated through the layer 7 with a slight shear strength to the outside and hardened in the receiving zone 1 1.
    Figures 3-5 show the effect of self-healing of a given point of rupture on electrolyzers with different sizes of individual parts: a bath containing molten electrolyte and a higher current density, volume detection.
    the more uve30
    35
    Carbon quality: the higher the degree of graphitization, the smaller the increase in volume.
    The carbon swelling lining presses on thermal insulation and thereby on the steel bath. As a result, a steel bath may experience irreversible deformations that load it into a plastic state of steel and may cause
    green liquid aluminum, can spread its cracking.
    With aging, the tendency to warping thaws, with the cat cracking. Liquid al af nik through these t sew iron ingot house, which drain a constant current. Once a cell can reach fQ penalties, which is liquid al from a cell, in this case it blows in general, first of all, the last costly city, stopping the process
    be found only in one place — in the region of layer 7 with little shear strength. Only molten electrolyte is in this area, but there is no metal in it. The electrolyte exiting through the cracks in layer 7 is solidified. Although it is moving forward in increasing direction towards the outside, however, it always has a self-healing effect, because the hardened material prevents the outflow of leaking material.
    In order to produce aluminum by electrolysis of an alumina melt, the latter is dissolved in a fluoride melt, consisting mostly of cryolite. The aluminum precipitated at the cathode is collected under the melt.
    fluoride on the coal bottom of the cell, and the surface of liquid aluminum forms a cathode. An electrolyte is immersed on top of the anodes, which consist of the generally accepted methods of amorphous carbon. On carbon anodes, oxygen is formed due to electrolytic decomposition of alumina, which combines with carbon anodes.
    in CO and CO. Electrolysis carried out
    with at temperatures of about 940-970 C.
    „
    com electrolyte. By such components are meant, for example, the sodium or salts from which the fluoride melt is composed, as well as the chemical compounds obtained by known reactions from a fluoride melt.
    In addition, two significant influencing factual currents, volume determination, are known in particular.
    the more uve
    Carbon quality: the higher the degree of graphitization, the smaller the increase in volume.
    The carbon swelling lining presses on thermal insulation and thereby on the steel bath. As a result, a steel bath may experience irreversible deformations that load it into a plastic state of steel and may cause
    cracking it.
    As the cell ages, the tendency of the carbon bottom to wrinkle increases, at which cracks form. Liquid aluminum can penetrate through these cracks and destroy the iron ingots that serve as the cathode, which dissipate the electrical direct current. The destruction of the cell lining can reach such a degree that liquid aluminum flows out of the cell. In this case, the cell should generally be prematurely taken out of action, resulting in costly repairs. In addition, the stopping of the cell is associated with production losses.
    According to the invention, in the electrolyte zone, a layer separating the carbon layer is located horizontally along the perimeter.
    However, the thickness of the receiving zone is more than 10
    distal lining on the lower and upper parts and consisting of a material resistant to terameters up to 1000 C and resistant to the action of an electrolyte, the shear strength of which is significantly less than the shear strength of the carbon lining,
    According to this construction, the side wall of the carbon lining is divided. The electric field between the cathode ingots and anodes passes through the bottom and bottom of the side wall of the carbon lining.
    This means that, through a part of the side wall, the carbonaceous lining, the x-rayed lining, located in the sidewall. In practice, the thickness mentioned above the layer with a slight shear strength does not flow an electric current. Due to this, the lower part of the carbon lining swells much more strongly than its upper part. The resulting stresses are perceived by the fact that the layer with little strength on
    shear cracks. Since this is due to the electrolyte effect and the non-layer must be located completely with a high shear strength “On the zone of the molten electrolyte, no liquid aluminum can fall into the cracks formed.
    The location of the formation of cracks in the layer with a slight shear strength, designated as the predetermined break point, is self-healing. Melting into the crack
    35
    shear strength, preferably two to three times more. Especially metallic materials, such as steel for wool or aluminum chips, are very suitable for quickly removing heat from the receiving area. In order to produce cracks always in the desired area, the shear strength of the layer dividing the carbon lining into the lower and upper parts is preferably at least five times less than the strength
    a layer with a slight shear strength is 2-15 cm, preferably 5--10 cm,
    It is advisable to build a layer that separates the carbon lining into two parts from prefabricated blocks. The materials of these blocks must have heat resistance, the stability of the electrolyte is cooled so strongly in the outer wall area that it hardens and thereby prevents electrolyte leakage,
    Self-healing of a given fracture point can be improved so that directly behind the layer with a slight shear strength, as well as in the area adjacent to the bottom of the carbon lining, there is a receiving area of a very good heat-conducting material that spreads towards the side wall of the outer steel Due to this, the heat transferred to the electrolyte entering the crack can be removed more quickly, so that self-healing due to solidification also occurs more quickly. Position the upper limit of the said receiving zone at approximately the same level as the upper limit of the layer with little shear strength.
    40
    45
    in practice, foamed carbon, foamed ceramic materials and compressed carbon fiber layers can be used to make these blocks,
    Layer with little strength on. It is advisable to glue the sheeting at the top with glue on the carbon lining and apply it at the bottom through carbon felt to the carbon lining. The thickness of the compressed carbon felt is predominantly 5-15 mm. The compressed carbon felt is in turn glued to the bottom of the carbon lining.
    If the lower part of the carbon lining should swell less quickly, then it can be graphitized more strongly.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Invention Formula
    1, Aluminum-Q cathode device, Q th electrolytic cell, comprising a metal casing, carbon side lining, hearth and compensation zone made of two materials
    deforming; ss with minor and significant loads, respectively, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life of the cathode device, the side lining in height and along the entire perimetr. However, the thickness of the receiving zone is pain
    on shear carbon lining, In practice, the thickness of the mentioned
    shear strength, preferably two to three times more. Especially metallic materials, such as steel wool or aluminum chips, are very suitable for quickly removing heat from the receiving area. In order to produce cracks always in the desired area, the shear strength of the layer dividing the carbon lining into the lower and upper parts is preferably at least five times less than the strength
    on shear carbon lining, In practice, the thickness of the mentioned
    by the action of electrolyte and low shear strength
    a layer with a slight shear strength is 2-15 cm, preferably 5--10 cm,
    It is advisable to build a layer that separates the carbon lining into two parts from prefabricated blocks. The materials of these blocks must have heat resistance, resistance to the action of electrolyte and low shear strength.
    in practice, foamed carbon, foamed ceramic materials and compressed carbon fiber layers can be used to make these blocks,
    Layer with little strength on. It is advisable to glue the sheeting at the top with glue on the carbon lining and apply it at the bottom through carbon felt to the carbon lining. The thickness of the compressed carbon felt is predominantly 5-15 mm. The compressed carbon felt is in turn glued to the bottom of the carbon lining.
    If the lower part of the carbon lining should swell less quickly, then it can be graphitized more strongly.
    Invention Formula
    1, The cathode device of an aluminum electrolysis cell, comprising a metal casing, a carbon side lining, a hearth and a compensation zone made of two materials,
    deforming; ss with minor and significant loads, respectively, characterized in that, in order to increase the service life of the cathode device, the side lining in height and along the entire perimetr71
    The barrel is made of two parts connected by a layer of material with low shear strength, resistant in a cryo-alumina melt at temperatures up to 1000 ° C, the shear strength of which is 0.02-0.1 of the shear strength of the coal lining .
    2, The device according to claim 1, wherein the height of the layer of material with low shear strength is 2-15 cm.
    3, Apparatus according to PP.-1 and 2, t - characterized by the fact that the layer of material with low shear strength is made of foamed carbon, carbon fiber or foamed ceramic material,
    D. The device according to PP. 1-3, about t - the fact that the layer of material with low shear strength is connected by means of glue to the upper part of the side lining and by means of a layer of carbon wool

    eight
    ka - with the lower part of the side lining.
    5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the height of the layer of carbon felt is 5 1 5 mm.
    6. The device according to claims 1-5, which is based on the fact that behind the layer of material with low shear strength around the perimeter of the electrolyzer is made of a thermally conductive material, such as steel wool or aluminum chips,
    7, -Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the height of the calcium filled with thermally conductive material is 2-3 times the height of the layer of material with low shear strength.
    8, the Device in PP. 1-7, characterized in that the lower part of the side lining is made of a material graphitized more than the material of the upper part.
     t :.

    2
    FIG 2
    /five
    Editor A, Dolini 1
    Compiled by A. Arnold Tehred V. Kadar
    Order 1646/59 Circulation 613 Subscription
    VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, ul, Proektna, 4
    Proofreader A.Zimokosov
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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